ThinkPHP、ZF2、Yaf、Laravel框架路由大比拼

在希望的田野上,我们看到了希望,看到了未来,看到了祖国未来繁荣昌盛的景象。

前言

读过一篇关于Zend Framework2的技术文章《ZF2多级树形路由Route配置实例》,是介绍路由配置的。我觉得很有意思,这是的需求:

/user对应用户列表页面
/user/:user_id对应用户的个人主页,比如 /user/AlloVince 就对应AlloVince用户的个人主页
/user/:user_id/blog/对应用户的博客列表页面,比如 /user/AlloVince/blog 就会列出AlloVince写过的Blog
/user/:user_id/blog/:blog_id对应用户的一篇博客文章
方案引用自原文:

'router' => array(
  'routes' => array(
    'user' => array(
      'type' => 'Segment',
      'options' => array(
        'route' => '/user[/]',
        'defaults' => array(
          'controller' => 'UserController',
          'action' => 'index',
        ),
      ),
      'may_terminate' => true,
      'child_routes' => array(
        'profile' => array(
          'type' => 'Segment',
          'options' => array(
            'route' => '[:id][/]',
            'constraints' => array(
              'id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'
            ),
            'defaults' => array(
              'action' => 'get'
            ),
          ),
          'may_terminate' => true,
          'child_routes' => array(
            'blog' => array(
              'type' => 'Segment',
              'options' => array(
                'route' => 'blog[/]',
                'constraints' => array(
                ),
                'defaults' => array(
                  'action' => 'blog'
                )
              ),
              'may_terminate' => true,
              'child_routes' => array(
                'post' => array(
                  'type' => 'Segment',
                  'options' => array(
                    'route' => '[:post_id][/]',
                    'constraints' => array(
                      'post_id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'
                    ),
                    'defaults' => array(
                      'action' => 'post'
                    )
                  ),
                  'may_terminate' => true,
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ), //profile child_routes end
        ), //profile end
      ), //user child_routes end
    ), //user end
  ),
),

看了这篇文章后,我打算使用我用过的PHP框架来实现这个路由需求。

ThinkPHP

新建一个ThinkPHP项目:


composer create-project topthink/thinkphp tp --prefer-dist

命令行显示我安装的是3.2.2

Installing topthink/thinkphp (3.2.2)
我看ThinkPHP官网最新稳定版本是3.2.3。

我特意去packagist官网查了一下,库中稳定版确实是3.2.2。

我得使用3.2.3。为什么我特别纠结这一点哩?因为:

3.2的路由功能是针对模块设置的,所以URL中的模块名不能被路由,路由定义也通常是放在模块配置文件中。 3.2.3版本开始增加全局路由定义支持,可以在项目的公共配置文件中定义路由。
也就是说,路由重写的部分是Controller和Action部分,Moudle还是存在。

我希望的是/user,而不是home/user。(ThinkPHP中默认Module是Home,'DEFAULT_MODULE' => 'Home',可以修改)

当然,这个问题也可以修改.htaccess文件的解决。但是,我还是决定安装3.2.3。

在ThinkPHP官网下载最新的包,解压。

使用浏览器访问一下项目的入口文件,让ThinkPHP自动生成了一个默认的应用模块Home。

修改公共配置文件tp\Application\Common\Conf\config.php:

<?php
return array(
  // 开启路由
  'URL_ROUTER_ON' => true,
  // URL访问模式,可选参数0、1、2、3,代表以下四种模式:
  // 0 (普通模式); 1 (PATHINFO 模式); 2 (REWRITE 模式); 3 (兼容模式) 默认为PATHINFO 模式
  'URL_MODEL' => 2,
  // URL伪静态后缀设置,为空表示可以支持所有的静态后缀
  // 使用U函数生成URL时会不带后缀
  'URL_HTML_SUFFIX' => '',
  // URL变量绑定到Action方法参数,默认为true
  'URL_PARAMS_BIND' => true,
  // URL变量绑定的类型 0 按变量名绑定 1 按变量顺序绑定,默认为0
  'URL_PARAMS_BIND_TYPE' => 0,
  // 路由配置
  'URL_ROUTE_RULES' => array(
    '/^url$/' => 'Home/User/url',
    '/^user$/' => 'Home/User/index',
    '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$/' => 'Home/User/show?name=:1',
    '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog$/' => 'Home/Blog/index?name=:1',
    '/^user\/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\/blog\/([0-9]+)$/' => 'Home/Blog/show?name=:1&blog_id=:2',
  ),
);
?>

创建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\UserController.class.php:

<?php
namespace Home\Controller;
use Think\Controller;
class UserController extends Controller {
  public function url() {
    $name = 'jing';
    $blogId = 1;
    $urls = array(
      U('/user'),
      U("/user/{$name}"),
      U("/user/{$name}/blog"),
      U("/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}"),
    );
    foreach ($urls as $url) {
      echo "<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
    }
  }
  public function index() {
    echo '我是用户列表^_^';
  }
  public function show($name) {
    echo "欢迎你,{$name}";
  }
}
?>

创建文件tp\Application\Home\Controller\BlogController.class.php:

<?php
namespace Home\Controller;
use Think\Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller {
  public function index($name) {
    echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
  }
  public function show($blog_id, $name) {
    echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blog_id}";
  }
}
?>

访问:http://127.0.0.1/tp/url

输出:


<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="/tp/user">/tp/user<a/><br />
<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="/tp/user/jing">/tp/user/jing<a/><br />
<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="/tp/user/jing/blog">/tp/user/jing/blog<a/><br />
<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="/tp/user/jing/blog/1">/tp/user/jing/blog/1<a/><br />

访问上面4个链接,依次返回:

我是用户列表^_^
欢迎你,jing
这是jing的博客列表
jing的这篇博客的id为1
下面其他框架,也同样输出以上内容。

Zend Framework 2

使用ZF2骨架程序创建一个ZF2项目:

composer create-project --stability="dev" zendframework/skeleton-application zf2

修改默认模块Application的配置文件zf2\module\Application\config\module.config.php:

<?php
/**
 * Zend Framework (http://framework.zend.com/)
 *
 * @link   http://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication for the canonical source repository
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license  http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License
 */
return array(
  'router' => array(
    'routes' => array(
      'home' => array(
        'type' => 'Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\Literal',
        'options' => array(
          'route' => '/url',
          'defaults' => array(
            'controller' => 'Application\Controller\User',
            'action' => 'url',
          ),
        ),
      ),
      // The following is a route to simplify getting started creating
      // new controllers and actions without needing to create a new
      // module. Simply drop new controllers in, and you can access them
      // using the path /application/:controller/:action
      'application' => array(
        'type' => 'Literal',
        'options' => array(
          'route' => '/application',
          'defaults' => array(
            '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller',
            'controller' => 'Index',
            'action' => 'index',
          ),
        ),
        'may_terminate' => true,
        'child_routes' => array(
          'default' => array(
            'type' => 'Segment',
            'options' => array(
              'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]',
              'constraints' => array(
                'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
                'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',
              ),
              'defaults' => array(
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      'user_list' => array(
        'type' => 'Segment',
        'options' => array(
          'route' => '/user[/]',
          'defaults' => array(
            '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application\Controller',
            'controller' => 'User',
            'action' => 'index',
          ),
        ),
        'may_terminate' => true,
        'child_routes' => array(
          'user' => array(
            'type' => 'Segment',
            'options' => array(
              'route' => '[:name][/]',
              'constraints' => array(
                'name' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+',
              ),
              'defaults' => array(
                'action' => 'show',
              ),
            ),
            'may_terminate' => true,
            'child_routes' => array(
              'blog_list' => array(
                'type' => 'Segment',
                'options' => array(
                  'route' => 'blog[/]',
                  'constraints' => array(
                  ),
                  'defaults' => array(
                    'controller' => 'Blog',
                    'action' => 'index',
                  )
                ),
                'may_terminate' => true,
                'child_routes' => array(
                  'blog' => array(
                    'type' => 'Segment',
                    'options' => array(
                      'route' => '[:blog_id]',
                      'constraints' => array(
                        'blog_id' => '[0-9]+',
                      ),
                      'defaults' => array(
                        'action' => 'show',
                      )
                    ),
                    'may_terminate' => true,
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  ),
  'service_manager' => array(
    'abstract_factories' => array(
      'Zend\Cache\Service\StorageCacheAbstractServiceFactory',
      'Zend\Log\LoggerAbstractServiceFactory',
    ),
    'aliases' => array(
      'translator' => 'MvcTranslator',
    ),
  ),
  'translator' => array(
    'locale' => 'en_US',
    'translation_file_patterns' => array(
      array(
        'type' => 'gettext',
        'base_dir' => __DIR__ . '/../language',
        'pattern' => '%s.mo',
      ),
    ),
  ),
  'controllers' => array(
    'invokables' => array(
      'Application\Controller\Index' => 'Application\Controller\IndexController',
      'Application\Controller\User' => 'Application\Controller\UserController',
      'Application\Controller\Blog' => 'Application\Controller\BlogController',
    ),
  ),
  'view_manager' => array(
    'display_not_found_reason' => true,
    'display_exceptions' => true,
    'doctype' => 'HTML5',
    'not_found_template' => 'error/404',
    'exception_template' => 'error/index',
    'template_map' => array(
      'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml',
      'application/index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/application/index/index.phtml',
      'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml',
      'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml',
    ),
    'template_path_stack' => array(
      __DIR__ . '/../view',
    ),
  ),
  // Placeholder for console routes
  'console' => array(
    'router' => array(
      'routes' => array(
      ),
    ),
  ),
);
?>

这个文件是骨架程序中自带的,我只是修改了router部分和controllers部分。要我写这么长的文件,那就太为难我了。这也是ZF官方发布了一个骨架程序的原因。

创建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\UserController.php:

<?php
namespace Application\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class UserController extends AbstractActionController {
  public function urlAction() {
    $name = 'jing';
    $blogId = 1;
    $urls = array(
      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list'),
      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user', array('name' => $name)),
      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list', array('name' => $name)),
      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list/blog', array('name' => $name, 'blog_id' => $blogId)),
    );
    $view = new ViewModel(compact('urls'));
    $view->setTerminal(true);
    return $view;
  }
  public function indexAction() {
    $view = new ViewModel();
    // 禁用布局模板
    $view->setTerminal(true);
    return $view;
  }
  public function showAction() {
    $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');
    $view = new ViewModel(compact('username'));
    $view->setTerminal(true);
    return $view;
  }
}
?>

创建文件zf2\module\Application\src\Application\Controller\BlogController.php:

<?php
namespace Application\Controller;
use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController;
use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel;
class BlogController extends AbstractActionController {
  public function indexAction() {
    $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');
    $view = new ViewModel(compact('username'));
    $view->setTerminal(true);
    return $view;
  }
  public function showAction() {
    $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');
    $blogId = $this->params()->fromRoute('blog_id');
    $view = new ViewModel(compact('username', 'blogId'));
    $view->setTerminal(true);
    return $view;
  }
}
?>

zf2不支持Action参数绑定,ThinkPHP不仅支持绑定,还支持2种绑定方式:按变量名绑定和按变量顺序绑定。

zf2中Action必须得返回视图,除非exit()。如果你知道可以禁用视图的办法,请告诉我。

创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\url.phtml:

<?php foreach ($urls as $url): ?>
<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="<?php echo $url;?>"><?php echo $url;?><a/><br />
<?php endforeach; ?>

创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\index.phtml:

我是用户列表^_^
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\user\show.phtml:

欢迎你,<?php echo $username; ?>
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\index.phtml:

这是<?php echo $username; ?>的博客列表
创建文件zf2\module\Application\view\application\blog\show.phtml:


<?php echo $username; ?>的这篇博客的id为<?php echo $blogId; ?>

Yaf

安装Yaf

使用代码生成工具创建Yaf项目

修改启动文件yaf\application\Bootstrap.php,修改其中的_initRoute方法:

    $router = Yaf_Dispatcher::getInstance()->getRouter();
    $route0 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('url', array(
      'controller' => 'User',
      'action' => 'url',
        ), array()
    );
    $route1 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('user', array(
      'controller' => 'User',
      'action' => 'index',
        ), array()
    );
    $route2 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)#', array(
      'controller' => 'User',
      'action' => 'show',
        ), array(1 => 'name',)
    );
    $route3 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog#', array(
      'controller' => 'Blog',
      'action' => 'index',
        ), array(1 => 'name',)
    );
    $route4 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog/([0-9]+)#', array(
      'controller' => 'Blog',
      'action' => 'show',
        ), array(1 => 'name', 2 => 'blogId',)
    );
    $router->addRoute('url', $route0);
    $router->addRoute('user_list', $route1);
    $router->addRoute('user', $route2);
    $router->addRoute("blog_list", $route3);
    $router->addRoute("blog", $route4);

Yaf有路由功能,但是没有根据路由名生成URL的方法。所以我定义了一个项目名,用于拼接URL。

在配置文件中添加配置项yaf\conf\application.ini:


project.name = 'yaf'

创建文件yaf\application\controllers\User.php:

<?php
class UserController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {
  public function urlAction() {
    $name = 'jing';
    $blogId = 1;
    $app = Yaf_Application::app();
    $projectName = $app->getConfig()->project->name;
    $urls = array(
      "/{$projectName}/user",
      "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}",
      "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog",
      "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}",
    );
    foreach ($urls as $url) {
      echo "<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
    }
    return false;
  }
  public function indexAction() {
    echo '我是用户列表^_^';
    // 禁用视图模板
    return false;
  }
  public function showAction($name) {
    echo "欢迎你,{$name}";
    return false;
  }
}

创建文件yaf\application\controllers\Blog.php:


<?php
class BlogController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {
public function indexAction($name) {
echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
return false;
}
public function showAction($blogId, $name) {
echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}";
return false;
}
}

Yaf的Action支持参数绑定,是按变量名绑定的。$name、$blogId要和路由中配置的名称一样,而和参数顺序无关。

Laravel

新建Laravel项目:


composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist

清除合并文件。在目录laravel\vendor\下有个文件compiled.php,这个文件是为了减少IO提高框架性能,将很多类文件合并到一个文件中而生存的。在开发环境下,应该删除该文件,否则修改了一些文件发现没有效果,其实是因为文件已经合并缓存了。
清除命令:


php artisan clear-compiled

在生产环境中应该开启,以提升性能:


php artisan optimize --force

修改路由文件laravel\app\Http\routes.php:


<?php
Route::get('/url', array('uses' => 'UserController@getUrl'));
Route::get('/user', array('uses' => 'UserController@getIndex'));
Route::get('/user/{username}', array('uses' => 'UserController@getShow'));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog', array(
'as' => 'blog_list',
'uses' => 'BlogController@getIndex',
));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog/{blogId}', array(
'as' => 'blog',
'uses' => 'BlogController@getShow',
))->where(array('blogId' => '[0-9]+'));

查看路由定义情况:


php artisan route:list

输出:


+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Domain | Method | URI | Name | Action | Middleware |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| | GET|HEAD | url | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getUrl | |
| | GET|HEAD | user | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getIndex | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username} | | App\Http\Controllers\UserController@getShow | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog | blog_list | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getIndex | |
| | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog/{blogId} | blog | App\Http\Controllers\BlogController@getShow | |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

定义路由变量全局模式,修改文件laravel\app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php中的boot方法:


public function boot(Router $router) {
$router->pattern('username', '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+');

parent::boot($router);
}

创建UserController控制器:


php artisan make:controller UserController

Laravel帮我们在laravel\app\Http\Controllers目录下创建了文件UserController.php,文件中已经为我们写好一部分骨架代码。修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\UserController.php:


<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class UserController extends Controller {
public function getUrl() {
$name = 'jing';
$blogId = 1;
$urls = array(
url('/user'),
action('UserController@getShow', array($name)),
route('blog_list', array($name)),
route('blog', array($name, $blogId)),
);
foreach ($urls as $url) {
echo "<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href=\"{$url}\">{$url}<a/><br />\n";
}
}
public function getIndex() {
echo '我是用户列表^_^';
}
public function getShow($name) {
echo "欢迎你,{$name}";
}
}

创建BlogController控制器:


php artisan make:controller BlogController

修改文件laravel\app\Http\Controllers\BlogController.php:


<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller {
public function getIndex($name) {
echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
}
public function getShow($name, $blogId) {
echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}";
}
}

Laravel的Action也支持参数绑定,是按变量顺序绑定的,和变量名无关。

后语

我是Laravel粉,但是我也没有想黑其他框架的意思,大家有兴趣也可以用自己熟悉的框架来实现这个小例子,写了记得@我,语言不限。

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望大家能够喜欢。

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