在swift中 如果我们要定义一个表示错误类型非常简单,只要遵循Error协议就可以了,我们通常用枚举或者结构体来表示错误类型,枚举可能用的多些,因为他能更直观的表达当前错误类型的每种错误细节。
// // AboutError.swift // learn_swiftUi // // Created by liuan on 2020/9/4. // Copyright © 2020 liuan. All rights reserved. // import Foundation enum VendingMachingError:Error{ case invalideSelection case insufficientFunds(coinsNeeded:Int) case outOfStock }
函数、方法和初始化器都可以抛出错误。需要在参数列表后面,返回值加throws 关键字。
简化版
func canThrowErrors() throws -> String
// // AboutError.swift // learn_swiftUi // // Created by liuan on 2020/9/4. // Copyright © 2020 liuan. All rights reserved. // import Foundation enum VendingMachingError:Error{ case invalideSelection case insufficientFunds(coinsNeeded:Int) case outOfStock } struct Item { var price: Int var count: Int } class VendingMathine{ var inventory=[ "Candy bar":Item(price: 12, count: 7), "Chips":Item(price: 10, count: 4), "Pretzels":Item(price: 7, count: 11), ] var coinsDeposited = 0 func vend(itemNaamed name:String) throws{ guard let item = inventory[name] else{ throw VendingMachingError.invalideSelection } guard item.count > 0 else{ throw VendingMachingError.outOfStock } guard item.price <= coinsDeposited else{ throw VendingMachingError.insufficientFunds(coinsNeeded: item.price - coinsDeposited) } coinsDeposited -= item.price var newItem = item newItem.count -= 1 inventory[name]=newItem print("Dispensing \(name)") } } let vm=VendingMathine() vm.coinsDeposited=2 try vm.vend(itemNaamed: "Pretzels")
抛出异常
Playground execution terminated: An error was thrown and was not caught: ▿ VendingMachingError ▿ insufficientFunds : 1 element - coinsNeeded : 5
在Swift中我们使用do-catch块对错误进行捕获,当我们在调用一个throws声名的函数或方法时,我们必须把调用语句放在do语句块中,同时do语句块后面紧接着使用catch语句块
do里面执行调用语句
后面跟着catch 第一种错误 在第一种错误里面做处理
第二种错误需要符合一定的条件
然后做错误处理
第三种是没有捕获到的错误 然后在第三个语句里面做处理
如果你确信一个函数或者方法不会抛出错误,可以使用try! 来中断错误的传播,但是如果错误真的发生了。你会得到一个运行时错误
// // AboutError.swift // learn_swiftUi // // Created by liuan on 2020/9/4. // Copyright © 2020 liuan. All rights reserved. // import Foundation let photo = try! 5/0
warning: BlackMyPlayground.playground:10:19: warning: no calls to throwing functions occur within 'try' expression let photo = try! 5/0 ^ warning: BlackMyPlayground.playground:10:19: warning: no calls to throwing functions occur within 'try' expression let photo = try! 5/0 ^ error: BlackMyPlayground.playground:10:19: error: division by zero let photo = try! 5/0 ^
defer关键字:defer block 例的代码会在函数return之前执行,无论函数是从哪个分之return的,还有throw,还是自然而然走到最后一样。
// // File.swift // learn_swiftUi // // Created by liuan on 2020/9/4. // Copyright © 2020 liuan. All rights reserved. // import Foundation func processFile(fileName: String)throws{ defer{ print("JIESHU") } print("KAISHI ") }
到此这篇关于swift 错误处理do catch try try!使用详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关swift 错误处理do catch try try!内容请搜索好代码网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持好代码网!