前言
现在有一个json格式的字符串,应该怎么解析呢,这里总结了以下4种方法
1. json.Unmarshal
函数func json.Unmarshal(data []byte, v any) error
就是用来解析json编码的data,然后将结果保存在指针v指向的值里
e.g.
package main import ( "encoding/json" "fmt" ) type user struct { Name string Married bool Address struct { City string Country string } } func main() { user1 := `{ "name": "tian", "married": false, "address": { "city": "beijing", "country": "China" } }` user1Struct := &user{} json.Unmarshal([]byte(user1), user1Struct) fmt.Printf("解码后的结果为:%v", *user1Struct) }
- 首先根据json数据的格式定义
struct
,用来保存解码后的值。这里首先定义了一个user结构体,然后通过json.Unmarshal
进行解码 - 缺点很明显,如果json数据很复杂,自定义的struct就跟着复杂。
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\unmarshal> go run .\main.go
解码后的结果为:{tian false {beijing China}}
2. viper.ReadConfig
使用go get -u github.com/spf13/viper
进行下载
函数func viper.ReadConfig(in io.Reader) error
用于从in中读取数据并解析
e.g.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" "github.com/spf13/viper" ) func main() { user1 := `{ "name": "tian", "married": false, "address": { "city": "beijing", "country": "China" } }` // 指定配置的类型为json viper.SetConfigType("json") // 读取数据 if err := viper.ReadConfig(strings.NewReader(user1)); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } fmt.Printf("数据的所有键值: %v\n", viper.AllKeys()) fmt.Printf("解析后的数据:%v\n", viper.AllSettings()) fmt.Printf("the type of \"married\" is %s\n", reflect.TypeOf(viper.Get("married"))) fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the country is %s\n", viper.Get("name"), viper.Get("address.country")) }
首先要通过viper.SetConfigType("json")
指定要解析数据的格式,否则即使viper.ReadConfig
返回值没有报错,也得不到解析后的结果。可以查看https://github.com/spf13/viper/issues/316
方法viper.Get(),viper.GetString(),viper.GetBool()
等等可以方便获取键值,同时对于键值的类型也能很好的判断
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\viper> go run .\main.go
数据的所有键值: [address.city address.country name married]
解析后的数据:map[address:map[city:beijing country:China] married:false name:tian]
the type of "married" is bool
The name is tian and the country is China
3. simplejson.NewJson
使用go get -u "github.com/bitly/go-simplejson"
进行下载
e.g.
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/bitly/go-simplejson" ) func main() { user1 := `{ "name": "tian", "married": false, "address": { "city": "beijing", "country": "China" } }` user1json, err := simplejson.NewJson([]byte(user1)) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } name1, _ := user1json.Get("name").String() city1, _ := user1json.Get("address").Get("city").String() fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the city is %s", name1, city1) }
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\simpleJson> go run .\main.go
The name is tian and the city is beijing
4. gojsonq.New().FromString()
使用go get -u github.com/thedevsaddam/gojsonq
安装
e.g.
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/thedevsaddam/gojsonq/v2" ) func main() { user1 := `{ "name": "tian", "married": false, "address": { "city": "beijing", "country": "China" } }` user1json := gojsonq.New().FromString(user1) name1 := user1json.Find("name").(string) user1json.Reset() city1 := user1json.Find("address.city") fmt.Printf("The name is %s and the city is %v", name1, city1) }
在第一次查询name之后,手动调用了一次Reset()
方法。因为JSONQ对象在调用Find
方法时,内部会记录当前的节点,下一个查询会从上次查找的节点开始
程序运行后的结果如下:
PS E:\goland-workspace\GolangLearning\Common\json数据处理\gojsonq> go run .\main.go
The name is tian and the city is beijing
总结
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