充分性:an=Sn-S(n-1)=a(2n-1)+b=2a n+b-a d=an-a(n-1)=2a 必要性: 设等差数列的首项为a1,公差为 d, 则: Sn=a1n+n(n-1)d/2=(d/2)n^2+n(a1-d/2) a=d/2,b=a1-d/2