nginx服务器怎么配置浏览器访问需要证书
最新回答
你继续你的骄傲
2024-10-02 06:48:53
因为要来回的设置所有直接使用域名操作比如：
chaodiquan.com 解析到 IP上面（IP要用你自己的，如果使用CDN另算）
这个是主要在最后的实际应用的测试的使用会用到
因为是自己实际应用，只好从OpenSSL的客户端证书开始学起，一点一点啃，大段大段的E文让我这半瓶子醋看的头晕眼晕。
的提示下终于把这个证书搞定，来秀一个。
这需要一下几个步骤：
1) 安装openssl用来做证书认证
2) 创建一个CA根证书
3) 创建一个自签名的服务器证书
4) 设置Nginx
5) 创建客户端证书
6) 安装客户端证书到浏览器
7) Profit.
1)
这一步我是在ubuntu下直接apt-get装的openssl, 配置文件安装在/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
修改openssl.cnf的以下几段
[ ca ]
default_ca = foo
Openssl将会寻找名称为foo的配置段
[ foo ]
dir = /etc/ssl/private
database = $dir/index.txt
serial = $dir/serial
private_key = $dir/ca.key
certificate = $dir/ca.crt
default_days = 3650
default_md = md5
new_certs_dir = $dir
policy = policy_match
policy_match 我保持默认值没有改
[ policy_match ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = match
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
默认签发有效期为10年，你可以自己设置一个合适的值
2)
创建一个新的CA根证书
下面的几个脚本我都放在/etc/ssl目录下
new_ca.sh:
#!/bin/sh
# Generate the key. genrsa意思是生成一个私钥
openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key
# Generate a certificate request. req表示生成证书，还能生成ca证书，-new表示产生一个新csr，需要输入一些信息，-key表示私钥，
openssl req -new -key private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr
#
Self signing key is bad... this could work with a third party signed
key... registeryfly has them on for $16 but I'm too cheap lazy to get
one on a lark.
# I'm also not 100% sure if any old certificate will
work or if you have to buy a special one that you can sign with. I could
investigate further but since this
# service will never see the light of an unencrypted Internet see the cheap and lazy remark.
# So self sign our root key.
x509是一个证书生成工具，显示证书内容，转换格式，给CSR签名等
-signkey用来处理CSR和给证书签名，就像CA。使用时得同时提供私钥，把输入文件变成自签名的证书，如果输入CSR文件，则生成自签名文件
-days证书有效时间
-in输入文件 -out输出文件
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in private/ca.csr -signkey private/ca.key -out private/ca.crt
#
Setup the first serial number for our keys... can be any 4 digit hex
string... not sure if there are broader bounds but everything I've seen
uses 4 digits.
echo FACE > private/serial
# Create the CA's key database.
touch private/index.txt
# Create a Certificate Revocation list for removing 'user certificates.'
gencrl在index文件中生成一个CRL相关的信息
-crldays是crl过期的时间
openssl ca -gencrl -out /etc/ssl/private/ca.crl -crldays 7
执行 sh new_ca.sh 生成新的CA证书
3)
生成服务器证书的脚本
new_server.sh:
#
Create us a key. Don't bother putting a password on it since you will
need it to start apache. If you have a better work around I'd love to
hear it.
openssl genrsa -out private/server.key
# Take our key and create a Certificate Signing Request for it.
openssl req -new -key private/server.key -out private/server.csr
# Sign this bastard key with our bastard CA key.
-cert CA本身的证书名
-keyfile CA本身的私钥
这句就是相当于CA用他的证书和私钥，根据服务器的证书，来给出一个CA认证的证书
openssl ca -in private/server.csr -cert private/ca.crt -keyfile private/ca.key -out private/server.crt
执行 sh new_server.sh 生成新服务器的证书
4)
最要命的一步，尝试多次后终于搞明白。
配置 nginx 的ssl支持
我的配置如下:
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
# 打开ssl
ssl on;
# 上一步生成的服务器证书
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/private/server.crt;
# 服务器证书公钥
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/server.key;
# 客户端证书签名 也就是第二步生成的CA签名证书
ssl_client_certificate /etc/ssl/private/ca.crt;
# ssl session 超时
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# 打开SSL客户端校验 (双向证书检测)
ssl_verify_client on;
#ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
#ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root /var/www/nginx-default;
index index.html index.htm;
}
启动你的nginx ,等待客户连接
5)
现在来生成客户端证书
new_user.sh:
#!/bin/sh
# The base of where our SSL stuff lives.
base="/etc/ssl/private"
# Were we would like to store keys... in this case we take the username given to us and store everything there.
mkdir -p $base/users/$1/
# Let's create us a key for this user... yeah not sure why people want to use DES3 but at least let's make us a nice big key.
生成用户私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out $base/users/$1/$1.key 1024
# Create a Certificate Signing Request for said key.
根据用户私钥生成他的证书
openssl req -new -key $base/users/$1/$1.key -out $base/users/$1/$1.csr
# Sign the key with our CA's key and cert and create the user's certificate out of it.
模拟CA来给出CA认证过的证书
openssl ca -in $base/users/$1/$1.csr -cert $base/ca.crt -keyfile $base/ca.key -out $base/users/$1/$1.crt
# This is the tricky bit... convert the certificate into a form that most browsers will understand PKCS12 to be specific.
#
The export password is the password used for the browser to extract the
bits it needs and insert the key into the user's keychain.
# Take the same precaution with the export password that would take with any other password based authentication scheme.
pkcs12 处理pkcs12文件
根据CA认证过的证书和用户的私钥来生成p12验证证书，可用服务器导入。
openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in $base/users/$1/$1.crt -inkey $base/users/$1/$1.key -out $base/users/$1/$1.p12
执行 sh new_user.sh yourname 来生成一个 yourname 的client证书
按照提示一步一步来，这里要注意的是客户证书的几个项目要和根证书匹配
也就是第一步时配置的:
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = match
不一致的话无法生成最后的客户证书
6)
发送上一步生成的 yourname.p12 到客户端。
IE下双击安装就可以导入。
FireFox安装 :
Go into preferences.
Advanced.
View Certificates.
Import.
Enter master password for FireFox (if you don't have one set one here otherwise stolen laptop = easy access).
Enter in the export password given to you by the dude who created your cert.
Hit OK like a mad man.
打开第一步进行设置的域名解析会弹出对话框来要求你选择使用哪个证书，选择刚才安装的证书。选择接受服务器证书。现在你可以正常访问服务器拉。如果没弄对的话就会出现400 Bad request certification的错误
7)没啥拉，有问题多试几次，其实都是很简单的事。就是中文的资料太少了。
希望可以帮助到你哈
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