红粒炊畲粟，青烟郁涧薪。得床思熟睡，寒犬苦狺狺。一生之中至少要有两次冲动，一次为奋不顾身的爱情，一次为说走就走的旅行。
paramiko模块
paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块，使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作，值得一说的是，fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。其实它的底层是对ssh的上层代码的一个封装。
一、下载安装
#pycrypto，由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto，所以先下载安装pycrypto
tomcat@node:~$ pip install pycrypto
tomcat@node:~$ pip install paramiko二、模块使用
1、SSHClient 用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
(1)基于用户名密码连接两种方式：
–>第一种
import paramiko
# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='huajiao238', password='123456')
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()–>第二种：SSHClient 封装 Transport
import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='huajiao238', password='huajiao238')
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()
transport.close()(2)基于公钥密钥连接的两种方式
–>第一种
import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='huajiao238', pkey=private_key)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()–>第二种：SSHClient 封装 Transport
import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='huajiao238', pkey=private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
transport.close()2、SFTPClient用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
(1)基于用户名密码上传下载：
import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21',22))
transport.connect(username='huajiao238',password='123456')
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()(2)基于公钥密钥上传下载
import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22))
transport.connect(username='huajiao238', pkey=private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remote_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remote_path', 'local_path')
transport.close()3、实例：通过transport实现远程执行命令和上传文件
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
class SSHConnection(object):
def __init__(self, host='192.168.1.21', port=22, username='huajiao238',pwd='huajiao238'):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.username = username
self.pwd = pwd
self.__k = None
def run(self):
self.connect()
pass
self.close()
def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport
def close(self):
self.__transport.close()
def cmd(self, command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
return result
def upload(self,local_path, target_path):
# 连接，上传
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(local_path, target_path)
ssh = SSHConnection()
ssh.connect()
r1 = ssh.cmd('df')
print(r1.decode())
#ssh.upload('test.py', "/root/test.py")
ssh.upload('s13_par.py', "/root/s7.py")
ssh.close()#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid
class SSHConnection(object):
def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='huajiao238',pwd='huajiao238'):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.username = username
self.pwd = pwd
self.__k = None
def create_file(self):
file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
with open(file_name,'w') as f:
f.write('sb')
return file_name
def run(self):
self.connect()
self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')
self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py)
self.close()
def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport
def close(self):
self.__transport.close()
def upload(self,target_path):
# 连接，上传
file_name = self.create_file()
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(file_name, target_path)
def rename(self, old_path, new_path):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
def cmd(self, command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
return result
ha = SSHConnection()
ha.run()基于私钥字符串进行连接
import paramiko
from io import StringIO
key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
transport.connect(username='huajiao238', pkey=private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
result = stdout.read()
transport.close()
print(result)堡垒机
堡垒机执行流程：
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
- 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程（前戏）
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
# 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
版本一：能连上远程服务器在终端任意输入命令，但无法做到tab键补全命令
import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,))
tran.start_client()
tran.auth_password('root', '123456')
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
while True:
# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
# sys.stdin 处理用户输入
# chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息
readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
if chan in readable:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in readable:
inp = sys.stdin.readline()
chan.sendall(inp)
chan.close()
tran.close()版本二：在版本一上增加了命令补全功能和命令记录
import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
import termios
import tty
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.1.21', 22,))
tran.start_client()
tran.auth_password('huajiao238', '123456')
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
# 获取原tty属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
# 为tty设置新属性
# 默认当前tty设备属性：
# 输入一行回车，执行
# CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。
# 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号
# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
while True:
# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）
# 阻塞，直到句柄可读
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
print('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
if len(x) == 0:
break
chan.send(x)
finally:
# 重新设置终端属性
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
chan.close()
tran.close()版本三：windows、linux通用版本
import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
# windows does not have termios...
try:
import termios
import tty
has_termios = True
except ImportError:
has_termios = False
def interactive_shell(chan):
if has_termios:
posix_shell(chan)
else:
windows_shell(chan)
def posix_shell(chan):
import select
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
flag = False
temp_list = []
while True:
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
if flag:
if x.startswith('\r\n'):
pass
else:
temp_list.append(x)
flag = False
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
import json
if len(x) == 0:
break
if x == '\t':
flag = True
else:
temp_list.append(x)
if x == '\r':
log.write(''.join(temp_list))
log.flush()
temp_list.clear()
chan.send(x)
finally:
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan):
import threading
sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")
def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush()
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start()
try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass
def run():
default_username = getpass.getuser()
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
if len(username) == 0:
username = default_username
hostname = input('Hostname: ')
if len(hostname) == 0:
print('*** Hostname required.')
sys.exit(1)
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))
tran.start_client()
default_auth = "p"
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
if len(auth) == 0:
auth = default_auth
if auth == 'r':
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
if len(path) == 0:
path = default_path
try:
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
else:
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
tran.auth_password(username, pw)
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
interactive_shell(chan)
chan.close()
tran.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()到此这篇关于Python自动化运维-Paramiko模块和堡垒机实战就介绍到这了。如果你的工具只有一柄铁锤，你就可能认为所有的问题都是铁钉。更多相关Python自动化运维-Paramiko模块和堡垒机实战内容请查看相关栏目，小编编辑不易，再次感谢大家的支持！
