下雪了，先是小朵小朵的雪花，柳絮般轻轻地飘扬；然后越下越大，一阵紧似一阵。
实验环境：
1：安装oracle所需软件包
Oracle 12c所需的rpm包如下：
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64) compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686) gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686) ksh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686) libXext-1.1 (x86_64) libXext-1.1 (i686) libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64) libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686) libX11-1.3 (x86_64) libX11-1.3 (i686) libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64) libXau-1.0.5 (i686) libxcb-1.5 (x86_64) libxcb-1.5 (i686) libXi-1.3 (x86_64) libXi-1.3 (i686) make-3.81-19.el6 sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
[root@ser6-51 mongodb]# yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.163.com base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 3.9 MB 00:04 Setting up Install Process Package gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package 1:make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 will be updated ---> Package binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6 will be an update ---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed ---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update ---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-21.el6_6.3 will be installed ---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.5.0-4.el6 will be updated ---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: libX11-common = 1.6.0-2.2.el6 for package: libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64 ---> Package libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.1-2.el6 will be updated ---> Package libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.2-2.1.el6 will be an update ---> Package libXi.x86_64 0:1.6.1-3.el6 will be updated ---> Package libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.2-2.2.el6 will be an update ---> Package libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.1-2.el6 will be updated ---> Package libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.1.el6 will be an update ---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed ---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.8.1-1.el6 will be updated ---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.9.1-2.el6 will be an update ---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-22.el6 will be updated ---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-27.el6 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be updated ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 will be an update ---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.5.0-4.el6 will be updated ---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 base 17 k compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 base 183 k ksh x86_64 20120801-21.el6_6.3 updates 758 k libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 base 13 k Updating: binutils x86_64 2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6 base 2.8 M glibc x86_64 2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 updates 3.8 M glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 updates 984 k libX11 x86_64 1.6.0-2.2.el6 base 586 k libXext x86_64 1.3.2-2.1.el6 base 35 k libXi x86_64 1.7.2-2.2.el6 base 37 k libXtst x86_64 1.2.2-2.1.el6 base 19 k libxcb x86_64 1.9.1-2.el6 base 110 k sysstat x86_64 9.0.4-27.el6 base 233 k Updating for dependencies: glibc-common x86_64 2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 updates 14 M glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 updates 612 k libX11-common noarch 1.6.0-2.2.el6 base 192 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 4 Package(s) Upgrade 12 Package(s) Total download size: 24 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/16): binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:02 (2/16): compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00 (3/16): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm | 183 kB 00:00 (4/16): glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm | 3.8 MB 00:05 (5/16): glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm | 14 MB 00:13 (6/16): glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm | 984 kB 00:02 (7/16): glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64.rpm | 612 kB 00:01 (8/16): ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64.rpm | 758 kB 00:01 (9/16): libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 586 kB 00:01 (10/16): libX11-common-1.6.0-2.2.el6.noarch.rpm | 192 kB 00:00 (11/16): libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 35 kB 00:00 (12/16): libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00 (13/16): libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 19 kB 00:00 (14/16): libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm | 13 kB 00:00 (15/16): libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 110 kB 00:00 (16/16): sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64.rpm | 233 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 712 kB/s | 24 MB 00:35 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 1/28 Updating : glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 2/28 Updating : glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 3/28 Updating : libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64 4/28 Updating : libX11-common-1.6.0-2.2.el6.noarch 5/28 Updating : libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64 6/28 Updating : libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64 7/28 Updating : libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64 8/28 Updating : libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64 9/28 Updating : glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 10/28 Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 11/28 Updating : sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64 12/28 Installing : ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64 13/28 Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 14/28 Updating : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64 15/28 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 16/28 Cleanup : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 17/28 Cleanup : libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.x86_64 18/28 Cleanup : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 19/28 Cleanup : libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.x86_64 20/28 Cleanup : libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.x86_64 21/28 Cleanup : libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.x86_64 22/28 Cleanup : libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.x86_64 23/28 Cleanup : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64 24/28 Cleanup : sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64 25/28 Cleanup : libX11-common-1.5.0-4.el6.noarch 26/28 Cleanup : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 27/28 Cleanup : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 28/28 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 1/28 Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 2/28 Verifying : libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64 3/28 Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 4/28 Verifying : libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64 5/28 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 6/28 Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64 7/28 Verifying : ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64 8/28 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 9/28 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 10/28 Verifying : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64 11/28 Verifying : libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64 12/28 Verifying : libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64 13/28 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 14/28 Verifying : libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64 15/28 Verifying : libX11-common-1.6.0-2.2.el6.noarch 16/28 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 17/28 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 18/28 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 19/28 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 20/28 Verifying : binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64 21/28 Verifying : libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.x86_64 22/28 Verifying : libX11-common-1.5.0-4.el6.noarch 23/28 Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64 24/28 Verifying : libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.x86_64 25/28 Verifying : libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.x86_64 26/28 Verifying : libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.x86_64 27/28 Verifying : libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.x86_64 28/28 Installed: compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-21.el6_6.3 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 Updated: binutils.x86_64 0:2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6 glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.2-2.1.el6 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.2-2.2.el6 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.1.el6 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.9.1-2.el6 sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-27.el6 Dependency Updated: glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.149.el6_6.9 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.0-2.2.el6 Complete!
验证 Oracle 所需要的系统依赖程序包是否完整。
[root@ser6-51 mongodb]# rpm -qa binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat
libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 glibc-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 libX11-1.6.0-2.2.el6.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6_6.9.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el6.x86_64 libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el6.x86_64 compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 ksh-20120801-21.el6_6.3.x86_64 binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64 gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 libxcb-1.9.1-2.el6.x86_64 libXi-1.7.2-2.2.el6.x86_64 sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
2：对OS进行配置
2.1 创建相关用户和用户组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd oper
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
2.2 修改oracle用户的密码
passwd oracle
2.3 修改系统参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
运行sysctl -p应用以上参数
/sbin/sysctl -p
2.4 修改用户Limits
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
新增如下内容：
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle stack nproc 10240
oracle stack nproc 10240
2.5 创建相关目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1
mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archlog
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
2.6 配置环境变量
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
添加：
# Oracle Settings COLUMNS=132; export COLUMNS LINES=47; export LINES EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12c/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID SHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATH NLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10 TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH alias glance=/opt/perf/bin/glance:x alias gohome='cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' alias cdb='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump' alias cdu='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
--里面的内容可以根据实际情况进行改动，如可以改动ORACLE_SID.
修改完用：source .bash_profile生效。
2.7修改/etc/hosts
[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ hostname
ser6-51
把127.0.0.1那一行改为：127.0.0.1 ser6-51
2.8修改操作系统发行版本
由于 oracle 还没有推出支持 CentOS 的安装包，所以需要修改发行版本，以便通过 oracle 的安装检查。
vi /etc/redhat-release
把CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 注释掉，前面加上一行redhat-4，当oracle安装完成后,再修改回来。
如：
redhat-4
#CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
2.9 关闭SELINUX
vi /etc/selinux/config
将SELINUX那一行改成：
SELINUX=disabled
3：安装
3.1 解压安装包
[root@ser6-51 download]# ls -ltr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1014530602 Jul 6 15:07 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1673544724 Jul 6 15:12 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
[root@ser6-51 download]# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
[root@ser6-51 download]# unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
[root@ser6-51 download]# ls -ltr
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jul 7 2014 database
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1014530602 Jul 6 15:07 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1673544724 Jul 6 15:12 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
3.2 安装oracle软件
3.2.1 新建静默安装的应答文件
su - oracle
vi 12102db_install.rsp
添加：
###################################################################### ## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved. ## ## ## ## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ## ## your installation. ## ## ## ## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ## ## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ## ## values. ## ## ## ## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ## ## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ## ## or db administrator who owns this installation. ## ## ## ###################################################################### #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Do not change the following system generated value. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the installation option. # It can be one of the following: # - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY # - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG # - UPGRADE_DB #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used # to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the # first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ser6-51 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the location which holds the inventory files. # This is an optional parameter if installing on # Windows based Operating System. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian # # all_langs : All languages # # Specify value as the following to select any of the languages. # Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja # # Specify value as the following to select all the languages. # Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # - EE : Enterprise Edition # - SE : Standard Edition # - SEONE : Standard Edition One # - PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ################################################################################# # # # PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS # # ------------------------------------------ # # Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges # # needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. # # # # The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based # # Operating System. # # # ############################################################################### #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges. # The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The BACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSBACKUPDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The DGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDGDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The KMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSKMDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba ################################################################################ # # # Database Configuration Options # # # ################################################################################ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the type of database to create. # It can be one of the following: # - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # - DATA_WAREHOUSE #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Starter Database SID. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.PDBName= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Starter Database character set. # # One of the following # AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2, # EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257, # BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6, # AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8, # IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE, # KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950, # ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired. # If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation # is to be done manually, then set it to false. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be # at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system. # Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit= ################################################################################# # # # Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the # # starter database: # # SYS # # SYSTEM # # DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) # # # # Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) # # or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) # # # ################################################################################# #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the # starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the SYS password for the starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates. # The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure # Security Updates, false otherwise. # # The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed # to be false. # # Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following: # - MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD # - OFFLINE_UPDATES # - SKIP_UPDATES #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
3.2.2 静默安装软件
[root@ser6-51 install]# su - oracle
[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ cd /download/database/
[oracle@ser6-51 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/12102db_install.rsp
/*
假如安装过程中报错了，已经在$ORACLE_HOME和/u01/app/oraInventory下生成了很多文件目录。想再次安装的话，需要先删除这些文件：
[oracle@ser6-52 app]$ pwd
/u01/app
[oracle@ser6-52 app]$ rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventory
cd $ORACLE_HOME/
rm -rf *
*/
执行两个脚本：
[root@ser6-51 ~]# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
root@ser6-51 ~]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/install/root_ser6-51_2015-07-06_19-00-11.log for the output of root script
3.3 建库
3.3.1 建响应文件
v i /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
添加：
[GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.2.0" OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" [CREATEDATABASE] GDBNAME = "orcl" SID = "orcl" TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt" SYSPASSWORD = "orcl" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "orcl" SYSMANPASSWORD = "orcl" DBSNMPPASSWORD = "orcl" DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata" STORAGETYPE=FS CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE" AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
3.3.2 执行命令
dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
Creating and starting Oracle instance 1% complete 4% complete Creating database files 5% complete 9% complete Creating data dictionary views 10% complete 13% complete 14% complete 15% complete 16% complete 17% complete 18% complete 21% complete 22% complete 23% complete 24% complete Adding Oracle JVM 30% complete 37% complete 44% complete 46% complete Adding Oracle Text 47% complete 48% complete 50% complete 51% complete Adding Oracle Multimedia 52% complete 65% complete Adding Oracle OLAP 66% complete 67% complete 68% complete 69% complete Adding Oracle Spatial 70% complete 78% complete Adding Oracle Application Express 83% complete 87% complete Completing Database Creation 89% complete 90% complete 91% complete 95% complete 100% complete
[oracle@ser6-51 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@ser6-51 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 09:29:16 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
3.4配监听
3.4.1 建响应文件
vi 12102_netca.rsp
添加：
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : SHOW_GUI
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description: This variable controls appearance/suppression of the NetCA GUI,
# Pre-req : N/A
# Default : TRUE
# Note:
# This must be set to false in order to run NetCA in silent mode.
# This is a substitute of "/silent" flag in the NetCA command line.
# The command line flag has precedence over the one in this response file.
# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#SHOW_GUI=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : LOG_FILE
# Datatype : String
# Description: If present, NetCA will log output to this file in addition to the
# standard out.
# Pre-req : N/A
# Default : NONE
# Note:
# This is a substitute of "/log" in the NetCA command line.
# The command line argument has precedence over the one in this response file.
# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#LOG_FILE=""/oracle12cHome/network/tools/log/netca.log""
[oracle.net.ca]
#INSTALLED_COMPONENTS;StringList;list of installed components
# The possible values for installed components are:
# "net8","server","client","aso", "cman", "javavm"
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
#INSTALL_TYPE;String;type of install
# The possible values for install type are:
# "typical","minimal" or "custom"
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
#LISTENER_NUMBER;Number;Number of Listeners
# A typical install sets one listener
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
#LISTENER_NAMES;StringList;list of listener names
# The values for listener are:
# "LISTENER","LISTENER1","LISTENER2","LISTENER3", ...
# A typical install sets only "LISTENER"
LISTENER_NAMES="LISTENER"
#LISTENER_PROTOCOLS;StringList;list of listener addresses (protocols and parameters separated by semicolons)
# The possible values for listener protocols are:
# "TCP;1521","TCPS;2484","NMP;ORAPIPE","IPC;IPCKEY","VI;1521"
# A typical install sets only "TCP;1521"
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS="TCP;1521"
#LISTENER_START;String;name of the listener to start, in double quotes
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
#NAMING_METHODS;StringList;list of naming methods
# The possible values for naming methods are:
# LDAP, TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME, NOVELL, NIS, DCE
# A typical install sets only: "TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES"
# or "LDAP","TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES" for LDAP
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT;String;Novell Directory Service name context, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT = ""NAMCONTEXT""
#SUN_METAMAP;String; SUN meta map, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#SUN_METAMAP = ""MAP""
#DCE_CELLNAME;String;DCE cell name, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#DCE_CELLNAME = ""CELL""
#NSN_NUMBER;Number;Number of NetService Names
# A typical install sets one net service name
NSN_NUMBER=1
#NSN_NAMES;StringList;list of Net Service names
# A typical install sets net service name to "EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"
NSN_NAMES="EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"
#NSN_SERVICE;StringList;Oracle12c database's service name
# A typical install sets Oracle12c database's service name to "PLSExtProc"
NSN_SERVICE="PLSExtProc"
3.4.2 执行命令
[oracle@ser6-51 ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/12102_netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/12102_netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
4：设置开机启动
4.1 修改dbstart文件
假如执行/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart报错：
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
修改dbstart文件，将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
4.2修改/etc/oratab
添加：
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1:Y
4.3修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加一行：
su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart
--说明：/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/dbhome_1为oracle的安装目录，要根据实际情况进行修改。
reboot试验下看是否能开机自动启动。
5：开1521端口
如果防火墙开启了的话，要开1521端口，允许远程访问。
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
直接在配置文件里已有的-A INPUT那些命令下面
添加一行：
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1521-j ACCEPT
重启防火墙
[root@ser6-52 mongodb]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
6：后续配置
#把操作系统版本改回原来的配置
[root@pc ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga)
修改后：
#redhat-4
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
对应步骤2.8。
--静默方式建库参考这篇文章。
以上就是CentOS命令行下装oracle12c的方法(命令行模式安装）。人最坏的习惯之一就是抱住已经拥有的东西不放，其实一个人只要舍得放下自己的那点小天地，就很容易走进宇宙的大世界。这个世界为你准备的精彩很多。更多关于CentOS命令行下装oracle12c的方法(命令行模式安装）请关注haodaima.com其它相关文章！
