前言
做视频监控项目时需要需要展示多分屏,比如2x2、3x3、414等等,如果每一种分屏都单独实现会很麻烦,而且不能支持用户定制。最好的方式还是实现一个通用的分屏容器,而且采样比例计算位置大小,可以适配任意尺寸。
一、如何实现
最直观的实现方式是获取控件宽高然后按比例计算,但是flutter在build的时候无法获取位置宽高信息,只有绘制之后才能获取,所以这种方式并不容易实现,比较简单的方式应该是使用Row、Column结合Flexible。
1、数值转成分数
需要转换的数值
final Rect rect; //子控件位置大小,比例值范围0-1
定义一个分数对象
//分数 class Rational { int den = 1; //分母 int num = 0; //分子 Rational(this.num, this.den); //通过double构造,accuracy小数点后精度 factory Rational.fromDouble(double d, {int accuracy = 5}) { int den = 1; while (d > d.toInt() && accuracy-- > 0) { d *= 10; den *= 10; } return Rational(d.toInt(), den); } }
转成分数并对齐分母
//将位置大小转成分数 final width = Rational.fromDouble(rect.width); final x = Rational.fromDouble(rect.left); final height = Rational.fromDouble(rect.height); final y = Rational.fromDouble(rect.top); //对齐分母 if (width.den != x.den) { final den = width.den; width.den *= x.den; width.num *= x.den; x.den *= den; x.num *= den; } //对齐分母 if (height.den != y.den) { final den = height.den; height.den *= y.den; height.num *= y.den; y.den *= den; y.num *= den; }
2、Row+Flexible布局横向
我们利用Row的自动布局,以及Flexible的比例布局的特性,根据上面的分数计算出控件比例的位置大小对应的flex值即可。
Row( children: [ Flexible( flex: x.num, child: Container(), ), Flexible( flex: width.num, child: child/*子控件,加上纵向布局则是Column*/ ), Flexible(flex: width.den - width.num - x.num, child: Container()), ], ); }
3、Column+Flexible布局纵向
我们利用Column的自动布局,以及Flexible的比例布局的特性,根据上面的分数计算出控件比例的位置大小对应的flex值即可。
Column( children: [ Flexible( flex: y.num, child: Container(), ), Flexible(flex: height.num, child: child/*子控件*/), Flexible( flex: height.den - height.num - y.num, child: Container(), ), ], )
二、完整代码
proportion.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; //比例布局控件, class Proportion extends StatelessWidget { final Rect rect; //位置大小,比例值范围0-1 final Widget child; const Proportion({ super.key, this.rect = const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 1, 1), required this.child, }); @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { //实现按比例显示布局 final width = Rational.fromDouble(rect.width); final x = Rational.fromDouble(rect.left); final height = Rational.fromDouble(rect.height); final y = Rational.fromDouble(rect.top); if (width.den != x.den) { final den = width.den; width.den *= x.den; width.num *= x.den; x.den *= den; x.num *= den; } if (height.den != y.den) { final den = height.den; height.den *= y.den; height.num *= y.den; y.den *= den; y.num *= den; } return Row( children: [ Flexible( flex: x.num, child: Container(), ), Flexible( flex: width.num, child: Column( children: [ Flexible( flex: y.num, child: Container(), ), Flexible(flex: height.num, child: child), Flexible( flex: height.den - height.num - y.num, child: Container(), ), ], ), ), Flexible(flex: width.den - width.num - x.num, child: Container()), ], ); } } //分数 class Rational { int den = 1; //分母 int num = 0; //分子 Rational(this.num, this.den); //通过double构造,accuracy小数点后精度 factory Rational.fromDouble(double d, {int accuracy = 5}) { int den = 1; while (d > d.toInt() && accuracy-- > 0) { d *= 10; den *= 10; } return Rational(d.toInt(), den); } }
常用布局(可选)
proportions.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import 'proportion.dart'; //常用布局,需配合stack作为父容器使用 class Proportions { Proportions._(); //全屏 static List<Proportion> fullScreen({ required Widget child, }) => [ Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 1, 1), child: child, ) ]; //二分屏 static List<Proportion> halfScreen({ required Widget left, required Widget right, }) => [ Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 0.5, 1), child: left, ), Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.5, 0, 0.5, 1), child: right, ), ]; //四分屏 static List<Proportion> quadScreen({ required List<Widget> children, }) { return [ Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5), child: children[0], ), //左上 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.5), child: children[1], ), //右上 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5), child: children[2], ), //左下 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5), child: children[3], ), //右下 ]; } //6 分屏 static List<Proportion> sixScreen({ required List<Widget> children, }) { return [ Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 0.666, 0.666), child: children[0], ), //左上 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.666, 0, 0.333, 0.333), child: children[1], ), //右上 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.666, 0.333, 0.333, 0.333), child: children[2], ), //右中 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.666, 0.666, 0.333, 0.333), child: children[3], ), //右下 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.333, 0.666, 0.333, 0.333), child: children[4], ), //中下 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0.666, 0.333, 0.333), child: children[5], ), //左下 ]; } //8 分屏 static List<Proportion> eightScreen({ required List<Widget> children, }) { return [ Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0, 0.75, 0.75), child: children[0], ), //左上 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.75, 0, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[1], ), //右上 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.75, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[2], ), //右中1 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[3], ), //右中2 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.75, 0.75, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[4], ), //右下 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.5, 0.75, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[5], ), //中下2 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.25, 0.75, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[6], ), //中下1 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0, 0.75, 0.25, 0.25), child: children[7], ), //左下 ]; } //9 分屏 static List<Proportion> nightScreen({ required List<Widget> children, }) { int n = 0; return [ ...children.getRange(0, 9).map( (element) { final i = n++; return Proportion( rect: Rect.fromLTWH( (i % 3) * 0.333, (i ~/ 3) * 0.333, 0.333, 0.333, ), child: element, ); }, ) ]; } //16 分屏 static List<Proportion> sixteenScreen({ required List<Widget> children, }) { int n = 0; return [ ...children.getRange(0, 16).map( (element) { final i = n++; return Proportion( rect: Rect.fromLTWH((i % 4) * 0.25, (i ~/ 4) * 0.25, 0.25, 0.25), child: element, ); }, ) ]; } //414分屏 static List<Proportion> fourOneFourScreen({ required List<Widget> children, }) { int n = 0; return [ //左4 ...children.getRange(0, 4).map( (element) { final i = n++; return Proportion( rect: Rect.fromLTWH((i ~/ 4) * 0.25, (i % 4) * 0.25, 0.25, 0.25), child: element, ); }, ), //中间 Proportion( rect: const Rect.fromLTWH(0.25, 0, 0.5, 1), child: children[4], ), //右边4 ...children.getRange(5, 9).map( (element) { final i = n++ + 8; return Proportion( rect: Rect.fromLTWH((i ~/ 4) * 0.25, (i % 4) * 0.25, 0.25, 0.25), child: element, ); }, ) ]; } }
三、使用示例
1、基本用法
设置子控件位置大小。一般配合stack作为父容器使用
Proportion( rect: Rect.fromLTRB(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5), //子控件位置大小,(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5)表示左上1/4的区域 child: ColoredBox(color: Colors.red), //子控件 );
2、四分屏
final List<int> _nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
Stack( children: Proportions.quadScreen(children: [ ..._nums.map((e) => Container( constraints: const BoxConstraints.expand(), decoration: BoxDecoration( border: Border.all(color: Colors.deepPurple.shade300)), child: Center(child: Text("video $e")), ))
3、六分屏
final List<int> _nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
Stack( children: Proportions.sixScreen(children: [ ..._nums.map((e) => Container( constraints: const BoxConstraints.expand(), decoration: BoxDecoration( border: Border.all(color: Colors.deepPurple.shade300)), child: Center(child: Text("video $e")), ))
4、八分屏
final List<int> _nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
Stack( children: Proportions.eightScreen(children: [ ..._nums.map((e) => Container( constraints: const BoxConstraints.expand(), decoration: BoxDecoration( border: Border.all(color: Colors.deepPurple.shade300)), child: Center(child: Text("video $e")), ))
5、九分屏
final List<int> _nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
Stack( children: Proportions.nightScreen(children: [ ..._nums.map((e) => Container( constraints: const BoxConstraints.expand(), decoration: BoxDecoration( border: Border.all(color: Colors.deepPurple.shade300)), child: Center(child: Text("video $e")), ))
6、414分屏
final List<int> _nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
Stack( children: Proportions.fourOneFourScreen(children: [ ..._nums.map((e) => Container( constraints: const BoxConstraints.expand(), decoration: BoxDecoration( border: Border.all(color: Colors.deepPurple.shade300)), child: Center(child: Text("video $e")), ))
始终保持比例
总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容,本文用的是比较简单的方式实现了比例布局控件,其主要特点是可以灵活使用,尤其是方便视频分屏预览的实现。本质上也是对一类布局规则的总结得出的一个通用的控件,因为考虑到2x2、3x3还是可以写死的,但是到了4x4、5x5写死则需要16、25个参数,那就必须改用数组,也就意味着需要根据规则计算位置,那和本文一样了。所以本文的控件是有实际使用意义的。
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