一、复数类应该具有的操作
运算:+,- ,*, 比较:== ,! =赋值:=求模:modulus
二、利用操作符重载
统一复数与实数的运算方式
统—
一、复数类应该具有的操作
- 运算:+,- ,*,/
- 比较:== ,! =
- 赋值:=
- 求模:modulus
二、利用操作符重载
统一复数与实数的运算方式
统—复数与实数的比较方式
下面来看一下复数类的实现:
Complex.h:
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_ #define _COMPLEX_H_ class Complex { double a; double b; public: Complex(double a = 0, double b = 0); double getA(); double getB(); double getModulus(); Complex operator + (const Complex& c); Complex operator - (const Complex& c); Complex operator * (const Complex& c); Complex operator / (const Complex& c); bool operator == (const Complex& c); bool operator != (const Complex& c); Complex& operator = (const Complex& c); }; #endif
Complex.cpp:
#include "Complex.h" #include "math.h" Complex::Complex(double a, double b) { this->a = a; this->b = b; } double Complex::getA() { return a; } double Complex::getB() { return b; } double Complex::getModulus() { return sqrt(a * a + b * b); } Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c) { double na = a + c.a; double nb = b + c.b; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c) { double na = a - c.a; double nb = b - c.b; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c) { double na = a * c.a - b * c.b; double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c) { double cm = c.a * c.a + c.b * c.b; double na = (a * c.a + b * c.b) / cm; double nb = (b * c.a - a * c.b) / cm; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c) { return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b); } bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c) { return !(*this == c); } Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c) { if( this != &c ) { a = c.a; b = c.b; } return *this; }
test.cpp:
#include <stdio.h> #include "Complex.h" int main() { Complex c1(1, 2); Complex c2(3, 6); Complex c3 = c2 - c1; Complex c4 = c1 * c3; Complex c5 = c2 / c1; printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB()); printf("c4.a = %f, c4.b = %f\n", c4.getA(), c4.getB()); printf("c5.a = %f, c5.b = %f\n", c5.getA(), c5.getB()); Complex c6(2, 4); printf("c3 == c6 : %d\n", c3 == c6); printf("c3 != c4 : %d\n", c3 != c4); (c3 = c2) = c1; printf("c1.a = %f, c1.b = %f\n", c1.getA(), c1.getB()); printf("c2.a = %f, c2.b = %f\n", c2.getA(), c2.getB()); printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB()); return 0; }
输出结果如下:
三、注意事项
- C++ 规定赋值操作符(=)只能重载为成员函数
- 操作符重载不能改变原操作符的优先级
- 操作符重载不能改变操作数的个数
- 操作符重载不应改变操作符的原有语义
四、小结
- 复数的概念可以通过自定义类实现
- 复数中的运算操作可以通过操作符重载实现
- 赋值操作符只能通过成员函数实现
- 操作符重载的本质为函数定义
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